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Former special education teacher speaking here. No one program adequately addresses literacy, because most focus on one aspect or another of the three elements which make up literacy to the exclusion of the others (decoding, comprehension, and fluency). I have worked with students who have two of the three pieces but lack a third. Just because a student can decode fluently does not mean they possess comprehension.

What is needed is a.) early identification of reading strengths and weaknesses and b.) targeted programs which address specific elements of reading disability. Too many programs focus on phonetic awareness but not on meaning.

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